A Brief Look at Geothermal Energy Essay - 645 Words

The power of electricity is available to anyone with a simple click of a button. The methods of obtaining the energy used to develop that electricity are commonly debated topics. One of those methods is using geothermal energy, or the Earth’s naturally produced heat. There are plenty of intriguing facts centered upon geothermal energy. For thousands of years, geothermal energy has been used in some countries for heating and cooking (â€Å"Geothermal Energy Info† 2). These underground systems being used contain water with teperatures that can rise above 200 degrees Celsius (430 degrees Fahrenheit) (â€Å"How Geothermal Energy Works† 2). Italy used geothermal energy thousands of years ago and is currently the fourth largest producer of geothermal†¦show more content†¦These â€Å"hot spots† usually occur at thin spots in the Earth’s crust or at tectonic plate boundaries (â€Å"How Geothermal Energy Works† 2). Water circulates naturally in these seismically active locations due to the large number of earthquakes in the area. (â€Å"How Geothermal Energy Works† 2). Four forms of producing geothermal energy are currently available: dry steam, wet steam, hot rocks, and geopressured deposits (Savage 22). To gain access to these resources, cooled water is injected down a well where it circulates through fractured rocks and heats up. Once hot, the water is sucked back up to the surface through another to be further processed into energy (â€Å"Geothermal Energy† 2). Dry steam sources are very practical for producing energy due to its very high temperature and its ability to cause no corrosion to turbines and various types of other equipment involved in the process (Savage 22). On the other hand, wet steam sources must be regularly maintained because they do cause damage to the equipment if left unchecked. Despite this drawback, it is a very useful way to generate energy (Savage 22). â€Å"Hot rocks are tan talizing geothermal sources, but water must be introduced artificially to the dry heat source to produce steam or hot water† (Savage 22). Geopressured deposits have been exploited for a very long time because they are generally hotter than most underground water systems (Savage 22). Magma is, without a doubt,Show MoreRelatedThe Future Of Renewable Energy2226 Words   |  9 PagesRenewable energy constitutes the energy coming from sources that do not get depleted with time. These sources are not typically exhausted and are environmental friendly. Although this paper will focuses more on hydropower, the types of renewable energy sources available in Canada include solar power, wind power, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and bio-energy. Renewable energy in Canada has as well had its environmental impacts. 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Streptococcus Pyogenes is More than Strep Throat Essay

Streptococcus Pyogenes: More than Strep Throat S. pyogenes infections may vary from mild to life-threatening with a plethora of symptoms due to the many types of infections it causes. This bacterium is responsible for the diseases of pharyngitis, rheumatic fever, impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and toxic shock syndrome, just to name a few. Each of these infections has its own unique set of symptoms as will be explored in depth below. Streptococcus Pyogenes is a very diverse bacteria with effects ranging from nothing or a mild sore throat, to flesh eating disease, causing death in 40-60% of patients. The major and most common illnesses associated with this bacteria†¦show more content†¦Initial diagnosis of Streptococcal pharyngitis is determined by a point system awarding 1 point for each of the following; temperature greater than 38 C, absence of cough, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, tonsillar swelling, age younger than 15, subtracting a point for age older than 45. If these symptoms are met, a rapid strep test will be performed before antibiotics are given, a precaution taken to prevent super-bugs from developing. If a streptococcal infection such as pharyngitis or scarlet fever is left untreated, there is a small (~3%) chance that within approximately 20 days, the patient will present with rheumatic fever. After the first bout of rheumatic fever, if the host acquires a second untreated S. Pyogenes infection, the chance of coming down with rheumatic fever jumps substantially to ~50%. 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It is part of the streptococcus outbreak in London and surrounding areas. Authorities have declared an outbreak over 18 months ago, CBC reported. Rare but serious bacterial infection According toRead MoreAbout Impetigo980 Words   |  4 Pagesprecipitating Impetigo are staphylococcus aureus, the most common cause, and streptococcus pyogenes. If left untreated, streptococcus pyogenes can also cause post-streptococcal glumerulonephritis, or a disease that causes an inflammation of the kidney to occur following a strep throat infection. Although this is rare, standard precautions must still be taken to prevent these repercussions. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes are the main causes of Impetigo, but they are not the only. Other lesionsRead MoreThe Human Microbiome Project : A Project Initiated By The Nih Roadmap For Biomedical Research1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguish between healthy and unhealthy microorganisms. 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The Singer Solution To World Poverty free essay sample

A Critique For â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty† In the essay â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† philosopher Peter Singer addresses the issue of poverty by suggesting Americans give away most of their income to aid those in need. Singer believes that withholding income is the equivalence of letting a child starve to death. Therefore, Singer suggests the ethical thing to do to end world hunger is to give up everyday luxuries. Although donating a vast amount of money could help dying and starving children, Singer’s proposition is not only unrealistic but also too demanding for everyday Americans who have responsibilities of their own. Singer begins his essay with Dora, a schoolteacher, who sells an orphan awaiting to have his organs sold in a black market for a new television set. Eventually, Dora regrets her immoral decision and rescues the boy from his fate. Singer compares this act to Americans, who spend their income on food, clothes and vacations by suggesting that the money spent could have made a â€Å"difference between life and death for children in need† (327). We will write a custom essay sample on The Singer Solution To World Poverty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Singer goes on to compare how the situations are similar, pointing out that the only difference is ignoring an issue that isn’t in your presence and one that is. Singer continues by calling himself a â€Å"utilitarian philosopher† and defines his character by stating that he judges acts by their consequences (327). Singer then introduces Bob and his expensive Buggati. Bob chooses to save his car from a train even though he could have saved a child’s life by destroying his prized possession, and compares this story to Americans and their lack of donations. Singer concludes with comparing income and how much a person should give away based on that number. He suggests all Americans have the choice to give up all luxuries because these sacrifices could better a child’s life. Singer targets all Americans in his essay, implying everyone needs to help. He begins with saying that two hundred dollars is enough to make a difference for a child, to declaring the only solution is to give up all luxuries. Singer uses Bob and Dora, two individuals who chose money and objects over children, and compares them to his audience. He even goes as far as to compare the lack of help Americans give starving children in Africa to Nazi Germany and those who did nothing to stop the Third Reich. He bases his logic on what the moral thing to do is. Singer attempts to guilt trip his readers by giving examples of life and death situations, in which lay in the hands of immoral people. Although Singer does mean well and wants to make a difference for those whose lives are at risk, his solution to is too demanding for everyday people and his authoritative deliverance in not very persuasive. Furthermore, Singer not only expects too much, but doesn’t realize luxuries and necessities mean different things to different people. Singer overwhelms the reader by stating one number to expecting a lot more. Singer fails to mention how much people struggle in America alone. Sure, it would be great to end world hunger, but what about giving to those in need in the US? According to Unicef, the United States has the second highest population of child poverty in the list of developed countries, (Unicef). Although it would be wonderful to be able to help all in need, sometimes it isn’t possible when Americans are struggling themselves to pay bills and raise their own. In conclusion, although Singer does have a good meaning behind his essay, he fails to persuade his audience by being too demanding. Although poverty is in fact an issue, he uses mostly exaggerated examples and guilt trips his readers by comparing them to Nazis and leads them to feel bad about themselves. Not everyone is able to help due to their own financial responsibilities, and it’s unrealistic people will give up most of their income for strangers in other countries. Despite his tone, I do believe the only way to overcome world issues it to work together, but unfortunately I don’t think Singer’s solution is a realistic solution to world poverty.

National Accounting Standards in Retail Industry free essay sample

This paper analyses the international firms under the national accounting standard in retail industry. The study applies two typically firms which are Woolworths from Australia and Walmart from the United States and compare the two firms in 4 perspectives. Firstly, the different in recognition of intangible assets, revenue, tax, inventory under IFRS (Aus) and U. S. GAAP. Secondly, describe consequence of the different recognition of accounting items and how it affects to financial statement and different regulation under AISC (Aus) and SEC (US). Thirdly, describe the factors that influence the accounting practices of Walmart and Woolworths. In the end, evaluate the theoretical benefits in adopting IFRS standards for both these two companies. Introduction Faced with the pressure of the globalization process and, over the past century, governments set several accounting standards. Countries follow different standard ? ccounting systems and also regulations. In the U. S. , Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly traded and privately held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. But in the recent years, Accounting and financial reporting has been undergoing some changes. This change is mainly brought about by the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) accounting by companies from more than 100 counties all over the world. These 100 countries have been previously using the GAAP or the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. (Kotabe and Helsen, 2004) After seeing the many advantages of using the accounting, these countries have abandoned the GAAP and are now using the IFRS. This paper is to examine the international firms under the national accounting standard in retail industry. Woolworths and Walmart are the two of the most famous firms in retail industry. Whats more, Woolworths from Australia follow the IFRS and Walmart of the united state follow the GAAP. Those are the most typical firms and counties to explain the topic. Thus , we began to compare those two firms in different recognition of accounting items and the how these difference influence the financial report and compare the factors which have been influential in the determination of the accounting practices of the countries within which the firms operate ,also the benefits and drawback of using the IFRS. The variance of specific accounting item between Woolworths limit and Wal-Mart Although the purpose of financial reporting is similar, which is to provide useful information to investors for the prediction of future cash flow? Some specific accounting items are different, Such as, intangible assets, revenue, tax, inventory and so on. Because the accounting standard which the companies used is not the same, it can be proved by the data which shows in their own annual reporting. The variance performance is the following aspects, the recognition, measurement and the disclosure. As the following context, comparing with the annual report of Wal-Mart and Woolworths limits, much more detail about variance of intangible asset, income tax and revenue will be discussed. First of all, the recognition and impairment of intangible asset, such as goodwill, research and development cost and so on, is different shown in these two companies’ annual report. It is tight under the US GAAP, in other words, the A-IFRS which Woolworths limit used is more flexible. As known, the intangible asset is likely to property, plant and other equipment, which must be valued at their historical cost, identify their useful lives and amortized over those lives. According to the annual reporting supplied by two companies, they all test the lives of their indefinite goodwill and intangible assets and calculate the impairment loss. And the company notes: whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized whenever the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. (Woolworths limit annual report) And then, from the annual report of Wal-Mart, which follow the US GAAP, it shows that goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations and is allocated to the appropriate segment when acquired. Wal-Mart annual report) And moreover, Goodwill and intangible assets which has indefinite lives will not be amortized; but the impairment expenses will still be evaluated at the fourth fiscal quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value of the asset may be impaired. (Wal-Mart annual report) Secondly, the recognition of revenues is different. The revenue recognition under A-IFRS, which is similar to the IFRS, it focuses on if the majority risk and reward of ownership is transfer to the buyer. In the annual report of Woolworths limit, revenue is recognized only when it is probable that the economic benefits comprising the revenue will flow to the entity. (Woolworths limit annual report) And then, to the Wal-Mart, it follow the US GAAP, The recognition of revenue in US GAAP is different from IFRS, it depends on if the revenue is realized or realizable or income is earned and recognized. Hence, from the aspect of the Wal-Mart annual reporting, the Company recognizes sales revenue net of sales taxes and estimated sales returns at the time it sells merchandise to the customer. And the Company also recognizes revenue from service transactions at the time the service is performed. (Walmart annual report) The last one is income tax. It contains 2 parts: the current tax and deferred tax. It will be affected by tax rate, method used, law and policy. Compare with the two companies, they all count the current tax as one tax payable, it represent as a future liability, so the majority difference focus on the deferred tax. It shows the temporary difference. In the annual report of Woolworth limit. Deferred tax which using balance sheet method is provided, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. ]Woolworths limit annual report] And according to the information of Wal-Mart’s annual report, it use liability method to measure the deferred tax. The company notes: Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized. (Wal-Mart annual report) All of these have influence the financial statement. The difference in financial report and regulatory environment International financial reporting standard (IFRS) is the most publicly framework used in the world today to report their financial results. Woolworths limited in Australia followed this standard. As for US. , they followed the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles(U. S. GAAP) which is a accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly traded and privately held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. The term is usually confined to the United States. Roberts, C. 2008), so Walmart limited followed it. As we mentioned before, there are some difference in accounting recognition, measurement and disclosure practices. These all affect to the financial reports. However, under IFRS, WOOLWORTHS use the FIFO costing method contrasts with the first in, first out inventory method, so the remaining inventory valued at FIFO more closely represents current or replacement cost. Meanwhile, Walmart values inv entories using LIFO(last in first out) method which is the lower cost in retail of accounting. Company administrators who have selected to use the LIFO method generally believe that costs will either remain stable or increase. It affects the financial statement. Walmart use LIFO accounting for inventory under LIFO. And it can affect less favorable financial results owing to earnings reductions and negative effects on the balance sheet as a company reports its financial position. In the balance sheet, there is the gross profit differential between the Walmart and Woolworths. The difference can be attributed to the increased cost of sales, resulting in illusory inventory profits when FIFO is used to value ending inventory. As the result, Woolworths would not be available for stockholder distribution. Meanwhile, Walmart’s current costs are matched against sales, and therefore inventory profits are not recorded. All the above discussion affects the balance sheet between two companies. For the cash flow statement, Walmart use LIFO, it can obtain a cash flow advantage. When inventory costs are rising, Walmarts tax payments decrease. As a result, owing to less taxes payment under the LIFO method of Walmart , greater cash flow results. With lower taxes, Walmart has increased amounts of cash for operations. And for Woolworths, it uses FIFO approach which with higher taxes and also less cash flow results. For the regulatory environment perspective, Woolworths from Australia follow the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), meanwhile Walmart in the U. S. follow the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The Australian Securities Investments Commission (ASIC) is an independent Australian government body and is Australias corporate, markets and financial services regulator. ASICs role is to enforce and regulate company and financial services laws to protect Australian consumers, investors and creditors and also contribute to Australian economic reputation and wellbeing by ensuring that Australian financial markets are fair and transparent, supported by confident and informed investors and consumers. The laws ASIC administers2005. ) The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency which holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws and regulating the securities industry, the nations stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets in the United States. Currently, the SEC is responsible for administering seven major laws that govern the securities industry. The enforcement authority given by Congress allows the SEC to bring civil enforcement actions against individuals or companies alleged to have committed accounting fraud, provided false information, or engaged in insider trading or other violations of the securities law. To achieve its mandate, the SEC enforces the statutory requirement that public companies submit quarterly and annual reports, as well as other periodic reports. In addition to annual financial reports, company executives must provide a narrative account, called the management discussion and analysis (MDA) that outlines the previous year of operations and explains how the company fared in that time period. Mandatory disclosure of financial and other information about the issuer and the security itself gives private individuals as well as large institutions the same basic facts about the public companies they invest in, thereby increasing public scrutiny while reducing insider trading and fraud. (Securities Act of 1933) The factors influence the accounting practices of Walmart and Woolworths There’re not obvious major international differences for accounting practices, however some factors still have been influential in the determination of the accounting practices of the countries. That the General Environment which affect the accounting practices of Walmart and Woolworths can be summarized as follows several factors: Economic environment factors, Socio-cultural factors, Political and Legal, Technological, and some other external influences. Economic environment factors n the world economy is appear general weakness and the uncertain environment, Walmart still had reported sales growth between 4% and 6%, amounting to $419 billion. The companys associates are around the world, like United Kingdom, Germany, China, and South Korea. The Walmart had grown from its rural Arkansas roots to become the one of the largest company in the world, and quite possibly the most powerful retailer. On the other hand, comparing to other nations, Australia and New Zealand have a high level standard of living. Thus, Woolworth operates in an economically sound environment. Also the purchasing power parity of GDP per capita in Australia is $39,699 which is ranked number 10 based on the 2011 estimates by the International Monetary Fund. (Wikipedia, n. d. ) Socio-cultural Walmart stores were toward the customers that stand in low-income segment; headquarters were reflective of the companys tendency to be tightfisted as they were housed in warehouse style buildings with minimalist decor. So, the central tenet of Walmart was Frugality, and every partner was expected to fully adopt this value in all its manifestations. It was also said that the company is homogenizing the marketplace by letting smaller towns dictate popular culture. For Woolworth is following the â€Å"sustainability strategy 2007-15† trend for sustainable corporate practices and green lifestyle. The Investors and customers who are understand of the environmental impacts of their investing and consuming behavior could choose Woolworth, because with a green-tag and patronize products that are organic. Also for their convenient and efficient services, the company addresses the needs of customers with time for shopping. Policy / Law In the policy and law factors, America and Australia are both following commonwealth law. So, Walmart and Woolworth only have a very slight difference in this respect. There are some policies for Woolworth benefits during the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (ANZCERTA). This trading cooperation leads Woolworth is operating between two countries brings into a single economy. Woolworth and its shareholders are also secure in the political stability of both countries. In â€Å"IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook†, Australia ranked 3rd and New Zealand 5th in 2011. Women were not allowing sitting in supervisory and managerial levels. There are said to be pending lawsuits waiting for Walmarts notions as the company has allegedly went against the labor laws. This maybe affect accounting practices of Walmart. Technological For Walmart and Woolworth use technology to maximize operational efficiency could decrease operating costs, and Walmart was a leader in this part. Very early on, the company realized the value of technology for investments, so the firm deployed a private satellite network. Through distribution centers and a central hub-and-spoke system of warehouses Walmart also managed much of its own logistics and the corporate logistics handled over million loads each year. Woolworth uses the information communication technology to improve the efficiency of their service and meet their customers. In 2008 it introduced the self-checkout machines that enable the customer to â€Å"scan, weigh and pay for their groceries via cash, credit or debit cards†. Palmer, 2008) the company also used the Service Oriented Architecture software to monitor their business activity, identify bottlenecks of their service in real time and reduce costs. Recently they introduced the Visa’s payWave to reduce waiting time of customers spent in checkout queues. (Budmar, 2011) Taxation Taxation is also an important part which could affect accounting pract ices of Walmart and Woolworth. US and Australia both are commonwealth country. US products implement a sales tax levied at the retail model, and retail enterprises engaged in business shall be according to the states tax rate on its sales place. In Australia, businesses provide goods and services, unified collection of 10% GST. Thus, Walmart has high cost to Calculate tax. The theoretical benefits of using IFRS A coordinated worldwide financial reporting could improve investor confidence in the decision making and risk assessment information they used. Conversely, if the same thing under different financial reporting systems and information published figures are different, apparently, in the thinking of investors who do not have professional skills accounting will be to lose credibility. So, this part will critically evaluate the theoretical benefits if Walmart and Woolworth which operating in US and Australia follow the IFRS standards There are not significant differences between USGAAP and IFRS, the following is Walmart using IFRS may produce benefits: 1. Uniform financial reporting for listed companies to increase data reliability and transparency, thereby reduces the investment costs, including lower interest rates and stock price. 2. For company, to prepare statements of expenditure and cost will be significantly reduced. Cancel the current USGAAP requirements cumbersome reconciliations, and savings for the enterprise. . In the case of the convergence of accounting standards, the professional development of accountants with professional qualifications will be subject to geographical restrictions. Movement of professionals is always a good thing. In general, the higher similarity of the Australian Accounting Standards and IFRS, and its formulation has a certain influence, so if the use of IFRS in Australia, less difficult. The treatment of AIFRS may lead to the results of its listed companies financial reports are different with the financial report prepared under IFRS. If the merger leads to the fair value increase or generate goodwill, Using IFRS, treatment will affect the future economic benefits due to lower depreciation and amortization expense and possible increase of assets. Comparing with the appropriate international body of the report, the body of the report of Australias non-publicly traded is under more disclosure requirements. In addition to compliance costs, the Australian reporting entities also disclose the sensitive and secret information, if Woolworth follow IFRS, the report of non-publicly traded does not need the disclosure of such information. In addition, using IFRS is not only from the consolidated financial statements, not require the preparation of a separate parent company financial statements. Also, increase the company from using the equity method. This could reduce the possibility of leakage of confidential and maintain a competitive advantage, and reduce the cost of financial reports. The Australia reported the main body must be to determine the fair value of subsidy by the non-monetary governmental, while the international body of the report can be notional amount of record such a government subsidy. Thus using IFRS is reducing the fair value of the donation of non-monetary assets, thus resulting in lower net asset value, but it will also result in lower depreciation expense. In conclusion the aim of Accounting standards internationally coordinated is to eliminate or reduce the differences between national accounting standards and accounting system, an increase in common with each other, so that gradually converge, and the financial information provided by internationally comparable and equivalents. With the international economic cooperation, the growing number of mutual investment, international capital markets continue to grow and develop, which makes the Internationalization of Accounting, more precisely, the internationalization of accounting standards become an irreversible trend.

Cultural Relativism Is Truth Defined By Our Culture Or Our Culture By

Cultural Relativism: Is Truth Defined By Our Culture Or Our Culture By Truth? In his article Cultural relativism and cultural values, Melville Herkovits defines the principle of cultural relativism as judgements are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation (26). This is the basic premise of cultural relativism, that beliefs, values, and morals are all based on ones culture. Therefore, since morality is based on society and different societies have different views of right and wrong, there can be no moral absolutes. Since there are no absolutes, under this view of cultural relativism all moral views determined by ones culture are deemed true whether they conflict or not. Upon first glance, relativism seems like a very appropriate concept of morality in the world. It is clear to see that there are differences of what is acceptable and unacceptable in different societies across the world. Growing up in Western culture I have grown a fondness for meat, especially steak. It is a momentous occasion when I can go out or fix a nice, juicy steak for a meal, the bigger the better. This is not a problem in my culture, save those few health conscience people who say I will die by heart disease, but I dont consider them part of my society anyway. However, if I were raised in an eastern, Hindu, culture these dietary practices would be considered wrong. My act of eating cow would be considered a moral atrocity. From examples like these and many others around the world we can see a good case for different cultures having different moral views, but is that really the case? I believe that at a surface level cultural relativism holds some merit, however if we look deeper into the issue we can find a flawed, and inaccurate theory for the way that the world should work. Some of the biggest arguments given in defense of cultural relativism are the many different practices of different cultures from around the world. Melville J. Herskovits gives examples of a West African culture of Dahomey, which practice polygamy. He also states different religious traditions of different cultures such as African societies that incorporate possession of an individual by a god to be the supreme religious experience. In an exert from his book Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong, Louis P. Pojman describes an Eskimo culture that, allow their elderly to die by starvation, (33). These are all strong examples, but do they actually support the idea that these cultures have different moral values? In the examples given by Herskovits about religious traditions being different this is true, there are various religious practices in various cultures that have dissimilar habits. These however are religious practices and not moral concepts. One church chooses to worship their god using a full orchestra and robed choir, while another chooses to simply have a piano and a singer. Do these churches have different moral principles, or are they merely choosing different expressions of worship? With Pojmans example of the practice of a harsh euthanasia by the Eskimos, he goes further to explain that it is not the moral principle that causes the Eskimos to leave their elderly to starve, but the harsh environment. In the harsh environment of the arctic it is not considered a good action, but a necessary one in order for the survival of the whole tribe. Were the tribes to live in a tropical or temperate environment where food is not so scarce this brand of euthanasia would not be practiced. If we also look closer into the example given in the beginning of this paper we can see that the immorality of eating beef is not based on moral principles, but different beliefs. The example of a Hindu culture, (taken from a very intelligent professor of mine) being outraged at the Western practice of eating cow meat is based on the religious belief that dead relatives are reincarnated into animals such as cows. Now this is not a belief held by other Western religions, therefore the consumption of beef is freely practiced. However, what the two cultures do share is that it is immoral to eat relatives. As we

Writing an Ecology Essay Here Are Effective Tips #038; a Full Guide

Writing an Ecology Essay Here Are Effective Tips #038; a Full Guide Many people relate the term ‘ecology’ to the environment. While similarities between the two terms are viable to an extent, their scope, mechanisms, and content slightly vary. Ecology concerns the study of organisms in their natural habitat interacting with their surroundings that consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (physical) elements. The term has evolved and is often defined as the study of ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, ponds, and estuaries, among others. Writing an essay on ecology is a daunting task for many students who are torn between understanding different dynamics that characterize the field of study and understanding components of the ecosystem. The study of ecology comprises processes that link the biotic to the abiotic components. The field of study is important to individuals and the community in general. Its importance explains why instructors at different levels of study require students to submit assignments in different areas of ecology. These assignments help students to explore the topic and appreciate its value. Besides understanding the dynamics of ecology, assignments on the noted field of study help in testing and improving different types of skills. When professors provide students with ecology essays writing tasks, they want the students to find answers to questions such as: What do you know about ecology? Do you understand the basics? How well do you understand the topic and how can you apply the knowledge in practice? Are you able to explore particular concepts in ecology and make inferences? It is important to keep the noted questions in mind when planning and writing ecology essays because they help one understand the instructor’s expectations. Moreover, ensure you have an idea of what to write about before beginning your writing journey. This ecology essay writing guide will provide step-by-step ecology essay writing tips tricks that will help you make up your mind on what to write about and how. How to Choose Suitable Topics for Ecology Essays There is no secret formula for identifying and choosing an appropriate topic in ecology or any other field of study. However, the following key points should be considered when choosing suitable essay topics. Interest and requirements. The chosen essay topic should not only be interesting to you but should also match your understanding of the topic and your ability to explore the topic. In this case, ask yourself, ‘How much do I know about this topic?’ It is important to choose the topic that you are familiar with. Topic reuse. It is possible and appropriate to reuse an ecology topic you have already written an essay on. However, approach it from a different angle to come up with a new and researchable essay topic. Open-mindedness. When choosing a topic, consider every idea that comes to your mind even when it sounds far-fetched. Importantly, look for topic inspiration in ecology articles and books, lecturers, peers, and from analyzing your daily interaction with the environment. Topic analysis. You should figure out whether the chosen topics are broad or narrow. Broad topics do not provide specific information about what needs to be written about. Source availability. Ensure the prospective essay topics have sources from which you can retrieve information that is credible enough to be included in your piece. The given key points should be considered before settling on a particular ecology essay topic. Meanwhile, the following 10 essay sample topics provide an idea of some of the ecology topics that can be explored for an informative essay. Use of Ecovillages as a Solution to Ecosystem Issues; The Role of Solar Energy in Reducing Carbon Footprint; Global Warming and Its Impacts on the Population; The Role of Wolves in Controlling the Population of Wildlife in the Forest; An Analysis of the Leading Endangered Species and the Importance of Protecting Them; The Role of Competition Between Species in Evolution; The Way Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations Constitute the Ecology Field? What Are the Different Types of Ecology? What Is the Hierarchical Organization of Ecology? Eco-Friendly Packaging. Advantages and Limitations. After deciding on the topic, it is important to understand how you should begin the essay writing process. Therefore, pre-writing tips are a necessity in this guide. Ecology Essay Pre-writing Tips Planning. A perfect ecology essay requires a lot of planning. Besides planning for the essay topic, you should develop an essay timeline to provide you with benchmarks that ensure you stay on schedule in terms of the essay requirements. The timeline ensures proper completion of the essay writing process, adherence to writing requirements, and observance of the ecology essay scope. Brainstorming. After you have selected an essay topic, do not lock yourself into the topic or an essay idea too quickly. Write out some more topics, questions, and associations that may cross your mind. Brainstorming opens your mind to new possibilities and allows you to discard ideas that do not match essay requirements or the ecology area of study. Research. Always conduct some preliminary research on the chosen ecology essay topic to have an idea of what has been written, what gaps need to be filled, and what sources are available. The further research helps you narrow or broaden the ecology essay topic. Research can be conducted online, or in ecology books and public articles. Moreover, researching provides an opportunity to create the essay outline. Outlining. Use an outline to map your essay ideas in a logical manner to ensure the drafting process is smooth and the essay is concise and coherent. Clustering. Idea mapping is an approach that helps you to explore the relationship between ecology concepts and ideas in the chosen ecology essay topic. Exploring the relationship between concepts and ideas can be done in a step-by-step process that involves: writing the subject of the essay in the center of a page and underlining it, linking new ideas as they come up during brainstorming to the central circle with connection lines, relating new ideas to the existing and added concepts. The outcome of the clustering process will appear as a web on a page. The web will help you in determining the relationship between ideas so that you can understand the possible directions your essay is likely to take. Once the clustering is done, take some time off (maybe an hour or a day) before creating the essay’s draft. Stepping away enhances your objectivity once you begin the writing process. Ecology Essay Title and Thesis Statement Coming up with an appropriate essay topic is an integral part of the essay writing process and creating an effective ecology essay title that is equally important. Crafting an effective title can be the most difficult part of your ecology essay despite having a good topic. A catchy title is important in numerous ways because it makes your essay stand out from your peers’ works and provides your audience with a perspective of the essay and a sense of its content. To craft a strong, effective, and standard title, you should focus on the hook, the key terms, and the sources you intend to use to write your essay. Crafting a title hook. In academic essays, most titles have the same basic structure. However, the title in your ecology essay should have a catchy phrase that draws the reader to the essay and provides information about what the essay will focus on. In the ecology essay, the hook can be a collection of keywords or a quote as opposed to an image. Key terms. The ecology essay title should have two or more phrases or crucial words that apply to the essay topic and give the reader an angle of your essay and a sense of the content. The key terms should function as a summary of the essay in less than ten words. Moreover, the keywords should not be too general and non-specific. For instance, when you choose the topic, ‘Does Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations Constitute the Ecology Field?’ the key terms are ‘biogeochemical cycling,’ ‘ecology field,’ and ‘energy transformations.’ In this case, the title could be, ‘The Role of Biogeochemical Cycling and Energy Transformations in the Ecology Field.’ Cite the source. The final aspect of crafting an essay title entails including a source or location where possible. The source informs the reader of the essays setting or the contents location. However, the inclusion of a location setting and its importance varies depending on the topic because some topics do not require a specific context. Depending on the chosen ecology essay topic, the source may be the population or the geographic location. For example, the topic ‘Eco-Friendly Packaging: Advantages and Limitations’ could be crafted to include a source or location, such as the UK or the US. Consequently, the title could read, ‘The Advantages and Limitations of Eco-Friendly Packaging in the UK.’ Ecology Essay Outline the Skeleton of Your Project! Interpretive, analytical, and persuasive ecology essays tend to follow a similar basic outline. An effective outline for your ecology essay has three essential parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Introduction. The introduction should contain a sentence that grabs the reader’s attention. It should provide a concise summary of what the essay will discuss, an outline of its content, and a one-sentence thesis statement. A thesis statement presents the essay’s main argument and makes a claim that readers or other essay writers may dispute. Body. The body of the essay is the main part of the write up as it presents the essay’s main arguments and ideas along with supporting evidence. An outline for the body paragraphs should appear as indicated below. First main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the first idea b. Supporting evidence for the first idea c. Supporting evidence for the first idea Second main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the second main idea b. Supporting evidence for the second main idea c. Supporting evidence for the second main idea Third main idea: a. Supporting evidence for the third main idea b. Supporting evidence for the third main idea c. Supporting evidence for the third main idea Conclusion. The last part of the ecology essay should restate your thesis statement, sum up the essay, and provide an action plan where possible. Post-Writing Tips: Tricks Our Top Writers Use The writing process of your ecology essay should not end after typing the last full stop no matter how accurate you may perceive your writing abilities. Once the final draft has been written, check your piece for typing errors, spelling and grammar mistakes, look through your referencing – these activities of the post-writing stage are as important as planning, choosing a topic, and writing the essay. The post-writing tips are common to all types of essays form the next, and last part of this guide. Proofreading. The most important aspect entails checking your essay for grammar, typing, sentence structure, and content errors. It is recommended that you engage in proofreading after the writing process to ensure that you concentrate on creating a logical and coherent text. However, it does not mean that you need to proofread immediately after the writing process unless you have limited time. Take one or two hours a day before proofreading to enhance your objectivity. In this case, subdivide the proofreading into several sessions that focus on different aspects. Firstly, review the ecology essay for spelling and grammar mistakes and edit it accordingly. Secondly, evaluate the essay for content meaning, coherence, and logical flow of ideas and supporting evidence. Checking for plagiarism. If you fail to take note of where you read information quoted in the essay, it is likely that you will forget the book, journal, or article or even the page number the content was obtained from. Consequently, you may end up attributing content to someone else or not acknowledging the source entirely. This amounts to plagiarism and translates into taking credit for another authors work. When writing the essay, take note of the sources from which you acquire content, quote appropriately, and cite as required. Once you are done with proofreading for spelling and content, go through the essay once again to ensure that the information is cited appropriately. This guide on how to write an ecology essay contains all the necessary information to write an ecology essay on whatever topic you choose. Use it to maximize your ability to produce stellar ecology essays.

Interpreting New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpreting New Media - Essay Example As the paper stresses the significant contribution of Twitter towards citizen journalism is unquestionable. Platforms such as Twitter have become sources of information that can be regarded as ‘world changing’ and gaining legitimacy and respect in the provision of up-to-minute news. With increased wireless connectivity and rapid consumption of modern technology, mobile phones have become a means of data transfer systems and portable digital media production. The move has resulted to increase in some citizen journalists who are also eye witness reports. According to the essay findings citizen journalism on Twitter platforms is also challenging the practice and image of journalism in that the public is no longer solely depending on journalists to offer accurate reports. In the recent coverage of Hurricane Sandy in the United States of America, Live eye witness messages were instantly uploaded online sharing the results of the natural disasters from a subjective point of view. Even though these are valid representations of the individual news report, they lack structure, shape, and professional journalistic meaning. Twitter has played an important role in citizen journalism. Citizen journalism has gained much significance through its inclusion and incorporation in mass media report packages and has led to a restructuring and re-evaluation on how journalists network. Modern technology has changed and transformed journalism as a profession.